微小小环藻对双酚A的富集与降解

对深圳福田红树林优势藻种微小小环藻(Cyclotella caspia)对BPA的生物富集与降解进行了研究.结果显示,微小小环藻对BPA具有较弱的富集能力,当BPA浓度为6.00、8.00、10.00 mg·L-1时,藻细胞在16d时分别达到最大富集量0.01、0.13、0.14 mg·g-1和最大生物富集系数(BCF)0.15%、1.18%、0.16%.微小小环藻对BPA亦具有一定的降解能力,浓度为6.00、8.00、10.00 mg·L-1的BPA在16d内分别有22.39%、36.44%和10.28%被藻降解,日平均生物降解量分别为0.08、0.18和0.06 mg·L-1.     

铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻和小环藻竞争实验培养基的选择

改变培养基的氮源形态和碳源浓度,研究铜绿微囊藻、小环藻和四尾栅藻的单藻增长行为,筛选适宜的培养基作为混藻竞争实验的共培养基。研究表明,铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻在氨氮培养基中的最大生物量K和最大比增长速率r均不及以硝态氮为氮源的培养基;添加高浓度HCO3-(NaHCO3 1.410 mmol/L)能够提高铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻藻细胞对氨氮的吸收能力;较低碳源浓度(NaCO3 0.0943 mmol/L)的培养基中,四尾栅藻的初始比增长速率及生物量远高于铜绿微囊藻,但其最大比增长速率r低于铜绿微囊藻,在实验的第10天左右铜绿微囊藻的生物量超过四尾栅藻;小环藻不能在较高浓度碳源(NaHCO3 1.504 mmol/L)下存活;铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻与小环藻均可在以氨氮(HA)或硝态氮(HN)为氮源的培养基中单独培养并达到实验所需生物量,因此,HN和HA可以作为实验室内这三种藻共培养适宜的培养基,为今后研究藻类种间资源竞争机制提供实验依据。     

嘉陵江出口段硅藻水华发生规律

嘉陵江是三峡库区最大支流,是重庆主城区重要的饮用水源,其主城段硅藻水华的发生预示着水质下降. 2005年8月—2008年3月连续对嘉陵江出口段水体水华硅藻密度进行监测并对数据进行分析. 结果表明:水华优势藻种为星肋小环藻(原变种)(Cyclotella asterocoststs),于每年的冬、春之交(1—3月)发生,生长速度快,发生数量有明显峰值并在总藻比例中绝对占优(0.02＜优势度＜0.28),4月以后水华现象消失直至次年同期再次发生,具有明显的年规律性. 水华发生时,污染物含量较高的磁器口右岸与朝天门右岸2个采样点的水华现象严重,尤其在2008年3月,磁器口右岸小环藻密度达到269×104 L-1,占同期总藻密度的92%. 较短的生活世代(5～7 d)使小环藻在适宜的生境中迅速增殖并在短期内迅速成为嘉陵江出口段富营养化敏感水体水华的优势藻种.      

嘉陵江出口段春季水华藻种鉴定

嘉陵江为三峡库区最大支流,对库区水环境具有重要影响,2004年夏进行了嘉陵江出口段藻类活动规律研究,2005年春首次发现嘉陵江出口段小环藻（Cyclotella）暴发。2008年春嘉陵江出口段小环藻暴发水样经中科院武汉水生所鉴定的水华藻种为极小冠盘藻（Stephanodiscus minutulus）,由于极小冠盘藻光学显微特征与小环藻暴发水样中主要小环藻光学显微特征不一致,因此需要弄清春季嘉陵江出口段水华小环藻分类地位。为认知春季嘉陵江出口段水华小环藻种,2009年春季于嘉陵江出口段小环藻发生期间,采集水样,离心浓缩,酸化处理,经电子显微镜扫描得到主要小环藻的电子显微照片,通过中国淡水藻志第四卷硅藻门中心纲相关小环藻特征分析比较,嘉陵江出口段春季水华小环藻种为星肋小环藻（Cyclotella asterocostata Grun.）。     

Effect of phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution in eutrophic lake on competition between blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa and diatom Cyclotella sp.

Tega-numa (Lake Tega) is one of the eutrophic lakes in Japan. For the improvement of water quality in Lake Tega, the Northchiba Water Conveyance Channel was constructed in 2000, which transfer water from Tone River into the lake. After 2000, the dominant species of diatoms, mainly Cyclotella sp., have been replacing blue-green algae, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Tega. This transition of dominant species would be due to the dilution, but the detail mechanism has not been understood yet. This study examined the relationship between phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution to Lake Tega and dominance of algal species, M. aeruginosa or Cyclotella sp. based on the single-species and the mixed-species culture experiments. The single-species culture experiment showed that the half-saturation constant and uptake rate of phosphorus were one order lower and seven times higher for M. aeruginosa than those for Cyclotella sp. These findings implied that M. aeruginosa would possess a potential for the growth and survival over Cyclotella sp. in the phosphorus limited condition. The superiority of M. aeruginosa was reflected in the outcome of the mixed-species culture experiment, i.e., dominance of M. aeruginosa, even phosphorus concentration was lowered to 0.01 mg-P/L. Therefore, it could be concluded that the decrease in phosphorus concentration due to the river water dilution to Lake Tega would be interpreted as a minor factor for the transition of dominant species from M. aeruginosa to Cyclotella sp.     

Toxicity of the xenoestrogen nonylphenol and its biodegradation by the alga Cyclotella caspia

Alkylphenols (APs), the breakdown products of alkylphenol polyethoxylates that are widely used as surfactants, have been proven to exert estrogenic effects. With industrial development, higher concentrations of APs are discharged into aquatic environments. Nonylphenol (NP), the most noxious AP, is included in the blacklist of several countries. The toxicity of NP to the alga Cyclotella caspia and the biodegradation of NP by C. caspia were studied in the laboratory. The median effective concentration at 96 hr (96 hr EC50 ) of NP for C. caspia was found to be 0.18 mg/L. Five toxicity and three degradation indices were selected for toxicity and biodegradation experiments, respectively, in five or three concentrations of NP set by the 96 hr EC50 of NP. The algal growth rate and chlorophyll a contents decreased as NP concentration increased. The main manifestations of morphological deformity of the cells included volume expansion and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions (lipid droplets). The abnormality rate of the cells increased with NP concentration and time, and was 100% at 0.22 and 0.26 mg/L of NP after 192 hr of culture. Superoxide dismutase activity initially increased and then declined at a higher NP toxicity of greater than 0.18 mg/L. After 192 hr of culture, the biodegradation rates of NP by C. caspia with initial concentrations of 0.14, 0.18, and 0.22 mg/L were 37.7%, 31.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. The kinetic equation of C. caspia biodegradation on NP was correlated with algal growth rate and initial NP concentration.     

星肋小环藻、滇池铜绿微囊藻的春化作用

为认知星肋小环藻（硅藻）春季活动、滇池铜绿微囊藻（蓝藻）春夏大规模暴发的活动规律,通过确定生长温区后进行变温实验,分析低温对2种实验藻的生长影响,其结果为：小环藻的生长温度为9.5～15.0℃,微囊藻生长温度为15.0～31.0℃,生长高温将抑制2种藻的生长;15.5℃以上、9.0℃以下时小环藻停止生长,31.0℃以上、15.0℃以下时微囊藻停止生长;在15.5～17.5℃停止生长后用7.0～9.0℃处理一天后放回生长温度培养,小环藻恢复生长,在31.0～33.0℃停止生长后用7.0～14.0℃处理一天后放回生长温度培养,微囊藻恢复生长,表明特定低温可使处于高温休眠的藻恢复生长,即低温具有解除高温休眠的作用;诱导低温7.5～9.5℃、10.0～14.0℃时,星肋小环藻、铜绿微囊藻的生长与低温诱导强度反相关,与诱导时间正相关;低温可解除高温休眠作用诱导藻生长,同样,高温也可解除藻的低温诱导作用。分析认为：星肋小环藻、铜绿微囊藻的低温诱导作用与植物春化作用一致,因此实验藻具有春化作用,其年活动规律为：经冬季低温诱导,处于休眠的实验藻春季恢复生长,夏季生长高温抑制铜绿微囊藻生长,秋季无诱导低温过程,铜绿微囊藻华可发生但不如春夏。